Eggs or Flour
by Kevin J. Lin
Weigh the each individual case in the two shipments, and note the individual weights. The boxes all weighed between 40 and 60 ounces. This means that we can expect the egg boxes to contain around two dozen eggs (more or less), since an extra large egg weighs a little over 2 ounces.
The useful data we're looking for in weighing the packages is the weight breakdown. Whichever boxes contain flour will weigh random amounts between 40 and 60 ounces. The eggs, however, must weigh in at discrete intervals. The smallest difference for boxes in the egg shipment will be equal to the weight of a single egg (plus or minus a small amount depending on the eggs). The flour's smallest interval is the weight of one grain of flour.
Extra Credit
The experiment was the Millikan Oil Drop Experiment.